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The present invention encompasses formulations and methods for producing solid dispersions comprising mesoporous materials with poorly aqueous soluble active ingredients. The active ingredient is formed in the amorphous state and entrapped in the nanosized pores of the mesoporous excipients using a co-spray drying process. The pore walls of mesoporous channels stabilize the amorphous form of active ingredient against re-crystallization. The amorphous active ingredient entrapped in mesoporous channels exhibits good stability during extended storage under stress test conditions and possesses significantly enhanced dissolution rates.

According to embodiments of the present invention, a writing circuit for a magnetoresistive memory cell is provided. The writing circuit includes a first connecting terminal configured to provide a first electrical signal to switch a variable magnetization orientation of the free magnetic layer from a first magnetization orientation to a second magnetization orientation; a second connecting terminal configured to provide a second electrical signal to switch the magnetization orientation from the second magnetization orientation to the first magnetization orientation; and a sourcing switch configured to provide for a write operation a connection of the first or second connecting terminal to a node coupleable to the magnetoresistive memory cell. The first and second electrical signals have different amplitudes, and the first and second electrical signals are of the same polarity. Further embodiments relate to a memory cell arrangement and a method of writing into a target magnetoresistive memory cell.

A writing circuit for a magnetoresistive memory cell is provided. The writing circuit includes a first electrical connecting terminal, a second electrical connecting terminal, a third electrical connecting terminal, a fourth electrical connecting terminal, a first reference potential terminal, a second reference potential terminal, a first switch configured to couple one of the first electrical connecting terminal, the second electrical connecting terminal, the third electrical connecting terminal and the fourth electrical connecting terminal to the magnetoresistive memory cell, and a second switch configured to couple the first reference potential terminal to the magnetoresistive memory cell if the first electrical connecting terminal or the second electrical connecting terminal is coupled to the magnetoresistive memory cell, and to couple the second reference potential terminal to the magnetoresistive memory cell if the third electrical connecting terminal or the fourth electrical connecting terminal is coupled to the magnetoresistive memory cell.

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescent (EL) element which is provided with a pair of electrodes and two or more organic layers disposed between the electrodes, and which includes light-emitting layers as the two or more organic layers. The manufacturing method for an organic EL element includes: a step for forming one electrode of the pair of electrodes; a step for forming the two or more organic layers which have a periodic structure wherein the propagation direction of light propagating in a direction substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light-emitting layers is inclined in said thickness direction; and a step for forming the other electrode of the pair of electrodes. In the step for forming the two or more organic layers, two or more planar layers constituting the organic layers are laminated, and the periodic structure which is periodically arranged in two dimensions is then formed on the two or more planar layers by means of an imprinting method in the plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light-emitting layers.

A robotic device for use in image-guided robot assisted surgical training, the robotic device comprising a manual interface structure configured to simulate handling of a surgical tool; a translational mechanism for translational motion of the manual interface structure; a rotational mechanism for rotational motion of the manual interface structure; and a spherical mechanism configured to decouple the orientation of the manual interface structure into spatial coordinates, wherein a linkage between the rotational mechanism, the rotational mechanism and the spherical mechanism, and the manual interface structure are disposed on opposing sides of an intersection of a pitch axis and a yaw axis of the spherical mechanism.

According to embodiments of the present invention, a piezoelectric actuator is provided. The piezoelectric actuator includes a shear mode piezoelectric material including a first arm and a second arm intersecting each other, the shear mode piezoelectric material having a polarization direction oriented at least substantially along a length of the first arm, wherein the shear mode piezoelectric material has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface and the second surface being adapted to undergo a shear displacement relative to each other along an axis at least substantially parallel to the polarization direction in response to an electric field applied between the first surface and the second surface in a direction at least substantially perpendicular to the polarization direction.

Methods and systems are proposed for transmitting data from a source (110) to a destination (130) via a relay station (120) having multiple antennae (122, 124). The relay station (120) receives from the source a message containing the data and a first cyclic prefix. It does this using each of its antennae (122, 124), so producing multiple respective received signals. In certain embodiments, the relay station (120) removes the first cyclic prefix from the received signals, replacing it with a new one. In other embodiments, the relay station (120) removes only a portion of the first cyclic prefix. In either case, the relay station (120) may apply space-time coding to generate second signals, which it transmits to the destination (130), which extracts the data. Methods are also proposed for estimating parameters of the channel, to enable the destination (130) to decode the data.

A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device, method of operating the MEMS device, and a method of forming the MEMS device are provided. The MEMS device includes a positioning mechanism and a locking mechanism. The positioning mechanism includes a first arm structure having a first surface and a second surface; a second arm structure having a first surface and a second surface; wherein the first surface of the first arm structure faces the first surface of the second arm structure. The positioning mechanism also includes a first actuator disposed adjacent to the second surface of the first arm structure facing away from the second arm structure; and a second actuator disposed adjacent to the second surface of the second arm structure facing away from the first arm structure. The locking mechanism includes a first pair of locking elements arranged such that each locking element is disposed at two opposite side surfaces of the first arm structure between the first and second surfaces of the first arm structure; and a second pair of locking elements arranged such that each locking element is disposed at two opposite side surfaces of the second arm structure between the first and second surfaces of the second arm structure. The first and second pairs of locking elements are configured to engage with and disengage from the first and second arm structures respectively.

The present invention refers to a multilayer barrier film comprising a substrate layer coated with a barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide, a metal carbide, a metal nitride and a metal oxynitride; a nanostructured metal compound layer arranged on the barrier layer; and a planarising layer arranged on the nanostructured layer, wherein the planarising layer comprises a nanostructured material which is distributed in a polymeric binder, wherein the nanostructured material is made of carbon, or a metal or a metal oxide or a mixture of the aforementioned substances. The present invention also refers to a method of obtaining those multilayer barrier films.

The present invention relates to novel polyamino polyketide antibiotics, methods of their production as well as methods of using these antibiotics, for example, for inhibition or removal of biofilm formation or for treating bacterial infection with these antibiotics.