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A method and apparatus is disclosed for determining the central ray of scanning an object on a detector in a computer tomography system. The method comprises producing a fan beam of x-rays at a fixed x-ray source and detecting the x-rays at the detector. The scanning projection data of the object under examination is received and the object is rotated under examination using a manipulator. After calculating the opposite projection pixel position and projection angle for each pixel, a mismatching is measured between the grey levels of all pixels and their calculated opposite projection pixels with a set of assumed central ray, and identifying the minimum of the measurement as the true central ray.

A UV light detector is disclosed that has a UV sensing element comprising a substrate and a thin film layer formed on the substrate. The thin film layer is for receiving and converting UV light into electricity for a photovoltaic output. First and second electrodes are formed on one surface of the thin film layer and are configured to form an electric polarization in the thin film layer between the first and second electrodes and to collect the photovoltaic output. There is also an amplifier and an output display. The UV sensing element is configured to collect the photovoltaic output, the amplifier being configured to receive the photovoltaic output from the UV sensing element, the output display being configured to provide a display when UV light is received at the one surface, the display being derived from the photovoltaic output. A UV dosimeter is also disclosed.

This present invention proposes a method of producing intrinsically colored, luminescent silk fibroin by feeding silkworms with feed comprising the luminescent dyes as well as the appropriate degumming process to remove sericin while retaining the dyes in silk fibroin are also described. Luminescent and functional molecular organic dyes with balanced hydrophobic/hydrophobic properties that can be effectively absorbed into silk glands of the silkworm are also described.

In an embodiment, a light detection arrangement may be provided. The light detection arrangement may include a body structure configured to provide light, the body structure including a first light-transmissive portion and a second light-transmissive portion disposed at a distance from the first light-transmissive portion; an object receiving region arranged such that light provided by the body structure may be illuminating at least a portion of the object receiving region; a first camera having a first main optical axis; a second camera having a second main optical axis; wherein the body structure may be arranged between the first camera and the second camera on its one side and the object receiving region on its other side; wherein the first camera may be arranged such that its first main optical axis may be directed to the object receiving region via the first light-transmissive portion; wherein the second camera may be arranged such that its second main optical axis may be directed to the object receiving region via the second light-transmissive portion; an arrangement configured to provide light reflected from the object receiving region such that a first reflected light portion may be provided as a first co-axial light portion aligned to the first main optical axis, and such that a second reflected light portion may be provided as a second co-axial light portion aligned to the second main optical axis. A method for detecting light in a light detection arrangement may also be provided.

In an embodiment, a method for examining a bonding structure of a substrate may be provided. The method may include: providing a substrate including a bonding structure to be examined; determining one or more stereoscopic images including one or a plurality of predefined regions of interests of portions of the bonding structure to be examined, the predefined regions of interests corresponding to reference regions of interests in a stored predetermined reference model of a reference bonding structure of a reference substrate; determining one or more two-dimensional feature parameters and one or more three-dimensional feature parameters of the bonding structure to be examined from one or more of a plurality of the predefined regions of interests; and determining as to whether the determined feature parameters fulfill at least one predefined quality criterion with respect to the reference model.

There is disclosed a method of making an imprint on a polymer structure comprising the step of pressing a mold having a defined surface pattern against the surface of a primary imprint of a polymer structure to form a secondary imprint thereon.

An isolated oligonucleotide comprising at least one ditag, wherein the ditag comprises two joined first and second sequence tags, wherein the first tag comprises the 5?-terminus sequence and the second tag comprises the 3?-terminus sequence of a nucleic acid molecule or a fragment thereof. The ditag analysis is useful for gene discovery and genome mapping.

A transmitter (106) for transmitting a signal, the signal comprising a plurality of signal values, the signal values being grouped to at least one signal value block. The transmitter comprises a pre-transformation unit (101) adapted to process each signal value block by a pre-transformation to produce a block of modulation symbols, wherein the pre-transformation comprises a phase rotation of the signal block values, which corresponds to the multiplication of the signal value block with a phase rotation matrix. The transmitter also comprises a modulation unit (102) adapted to modulate at least one carrier signal based on the modulation symbols and a sending unit (104) adapted to send the modulated carrier signal.

An optical splitter, a combiner and a device. The optical splitter comprises a first longitudinal waveguide for receiving an incoming light wave; at least first and second pairs of output waveguides, the output waveguides of each pair being disposed on opposite sides of the first waveguide; wherein each of the output waveguides of each pair comprises a longitudinal portion disposed parallel to the first waveguide and such that optical power is coupled from the first waveguide into the respective longitudinal portions and the longitudinal portions of output waveguides of the first and second pairs are displaced along a length of the first waveguide; wherein each of the output waveguides of each pair further comprises a substantially S-shaped portion continuing from the respective longitudinal portions and such that optical power coupling between the respective S-shaped portions of output waveguides of the first and second pairs is substantially inhibited.

The present invention is directed to a method of detecting presence or absence of a target nucleic acid using negatively charged metallic nanoparticles dissolved in a solution. A nucleic acid probe with a substantially neutral net charge is used for detecting the target nucleic acid. The present invention is also directed to a kit including at least one nucleic acid probe with a substantially neutral net charge and at least one type of negatively charged metallic nanoparticles for carrying out the method.