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The invention relates to methods of proliferating stem cells. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans to promote the growth of stem cells in ex vivo culture, while preserving their multipotentiality.

According to embodiments of the present invention, a transmitter is provided. The transmitter includes a frequency shift keying (FSK) circuit, and a phase shift keying (PSK) circuit coupled in series to the FSK circuit, wherein the FSK circuit is configured, in a first mode of operation, to provide a FSK modulated signal to the PSK circuit, and, in a second mode of operation, to provide a fixed frequency signal to the PSK circuit, and wherein the PSK circuit is configured, in the first mode of operation, to transmit the FSK modulated signal, and, in the second mode of operation, to provide a PSK modulated signal based on the fixed frequency signal received from the FSK circuit.

We describe a nucleic acid comprising the sequence RNNWCAAA, in which R is independently G or A, N is independently T, C, G or A and W is independently T or A, suitable for the treatment or prevention of hepatitis B or cancer. N at position 3 may be C, A or T, preferably A or T, more preferably T; N at position 2 may be C; W at position 4 may be T; and R at position 1 may be A. The nucleic acid may have the sequence ACATCAAA or ACTTCAAA.

For forming a nickel mold, a metal and a corresponding etchant are selected such that the etchant selectively etches the metal over nickel. The metal is sputtered onto a surface of a template having nano-structures to form a sacrificial layer covering the nano-structures. Nickel is electroplated onto the sacrificial layer to form a nickel mold, but leaving a portion of the sacrificial layer exposed. The sacrificial layer is contacted with the etchant through the exposed portion of the sacrificial layer to etch away the sacrificial layer until the nickel mold is separated from the template. Subsequently, the nickel mold may be replicated or scaled-up to produce a replicate mold by electroplating, where the replicate mold has nano-structures that match the nano-structures on the template. The metal may be copper.

There is provided a process for forming a laminated structure, the process comprising the step of bonding a polymer film to an array of structures disposed on a substrate, and wherein a plurality of cavities are formed between the polymer film and the array of structures during the bonding.

Methods of making supported monolithic gold (Au) catalysts that can be used for generating a hydrogen-rich gas from gas mixtures containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and water via a water gas shift reaction, and for the removal of carbon monoxide from air at a low reaction temperature via its oxidation reaction are described. Methods of making highly dispersed gold catalysts on washcoated monoliths and the stabilization of monolithic catalyst supports by the addition of a third metal oxide, such as zirconia (ZrO2), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), or manganese oxide (MnxOy). The catalyst supports and/or washcoats may include a variety of transition metal oxides such as alpha iron oxide (?-Fe2O3), cerium oxide (CeO2), ZrO2, gamma alumina (?-Al2O3), or their combinations.

An optical modulator and a method for manufacturing an optical modulator are provided. The optical modulator includes a first waveguide, a second waveguide, a modulating portion connected between the first waveguide and the second waveguide, the modulating portion being configured to receive an input signal from the first waveguide, to modulate the input signal and to supply a corresponding modulated input signal as an output signal to the second waveguide, wherein the modulating portion includes a semiconductor substrate, one end thereof being coupled to the first waveguide, and a corresponding opposite end thereof being coupled to the second waveguide, a Germanium rib provided on the substrate such that the input signal propagates through the Germanium rib along a longitudinal axis thereof, and a first electrode and a second electrode respectively provided on the substrate, wherein the Germanium rib is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to apply an electrical field to the Germanium rib in order to modulate the input signal propagating through the Germanium rib.

An optical light source is provided. The optical light source includes a waveguide including two reflectors arranged spaced apart from each other to define an optical cavity therebetween, an optical gain medium, and a coupling structure arranged to couple light between the optical cavity and the optical gain medium.

A method and system for motor learning. The method comprises the steps of detecting a user's motor intent; and giving robotic assistance to the user for executing a motor task associated with the motor intent based on the detected motor intent.

The present invention provides an amphiphilic linear peptide and/or peptoid as well as a hydrogel that includes the amphiphilic linear peptide/peptoid.