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Embodiments provide a method for processing a first image based on a second image, wherein each pixel in the first image has a plurality of color components and has a corresponding pixel in the second image, and wherein each value of a color component in the first image corresponds to a value of a color component in the second image. The method may include deciding, for each color component of a pixel in the first image, whether to modify the value of the color component dependent on a predetermined criterion. The method may further include determining a similarity index between the pixel in the first image and the corresponding pixel in the second image based on, for each color component of the pixel, the value of the color component of the pixel, or if it is decided that the value of the color component of the pixel is to be modified, the corresponding value of the color component in the second image.

Targeting metabolic enzymes in human cancer Abstract Lung cancer is a devastating disease and a major therapeutic burden with poor prognosis. The functional heterogeneity of lung cancer (different tumor formation ability in bulk of tumor) is highly related with clinical chemoresistance and relapse. Here we find that, glycine dehydrogenase (GLDC), one of the metabolic enzyme involved in glycine metabolism, is overexpressed in various subtypes of human lung cancer and possibly several other types of cancers. GLDC was found to be highly expressed in tumor-initiating subpopulation of human lung cancer cells compared with non-tumorigenic subpopulation. By array studies we showed that normal lung cells express low levels of GLDC compared to xenograft and primary tumor. Functional studies showed that RNAi inhibition of GLDC inhibits significantly the clonal growth of tumor-initiating cells in vitro and tumor formation in immunodeficient mice. Overexpression of GLDC in non-tumorigenic subpopulation convert the cells to become tumorigenic. Furthermore, over-expression of GLDC in NIH/3T3 cells and human primary lung fibroblasts can transform these cells, displaying anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and tumor-forming in mice. Not only is GLDC is expressed human lung cancer, it is also up-regulated in other types of cancer, such as colon cancer. RNAi knockdown of GLDC in colon cancer cell line, CACO-2 cells, can also inhibit the tumor formation in mice. Thus GLDC maybe a new metabolic target for treatment of lung cancer, and other cancers.

Biodegradable cationic block copolymers are disclosed, comprising a hydrophilic block comprising first repeat units derived from a first cyclic carbonyl monomer by ring-opening polymerization, wherein more than 0% of the first repeat units comprise a side chain moiety comprising a quaternary amine group; a hydrophobic block comprising second repeat units derived from a second cyclic carbonyl monomer by ring-opening polymerization; an optional endcap group; and a chain fragment derived from an initiator for the ring opening polymerization. The cationic block copolymers form aqueous micelle mixtures suitable for antimicrobial applications.

Various embodiments provide a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure may include a semiconductor substrate; a via extending through the semiconductor substrate; and a capacitive structure surrounding at least a portion of the via. The capacitive structure may include a metal layer formed on the semiconductor substrate.

We provide a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell which is capable of higher protein sialylation compared to a wild type Chinese Hamster Ovary cell, such as in the presence of functional GnT 1, in which the CHO cell is obtainable by selection with Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I).

A servo system for writing servo information on a recording medium of a hard disk drive and for determining head position based on the servo information with a tracking accuracy, the servo system including a first magnetic head and a servo writer. The servo writer is configured to write the servo information on the recording medium by forming, using the first magnetic head, a first servo pattern comprising a servo burst pattern on a segment of a first track of a first layer of the recording medium; and by forming a second servo pattern comprising addressing information on a segment of a second track of a second layer of the recording medium. The second track is arranged half a width of the first track from the first track to increase the tracking accuracy of the servo system.

A light coupling structure, a method of manufacturing a memory cell, and a magnetic recording head are provided. The light coupling structure includes a light coupling layer having a cavity; a waveguide having a cladding layer and a core layer; wherein the cladding layer of the waveguide is disposed in the cavity of the light coupling layer and the core layer of the waveguide is disposed over the light coupling layer and the cladding layer of the waveguide; wherein the light coupling layer is configured to receive light from a light source and couple the received light into the core layer of the waveguide.

The present invention discloses a series of alkylamino BODIPY dyes, methods for preparing a library of alkyl-amino BODIPY dyes via solid-phase synthesis, and the use of the alkyl-amino BODIPY dyes as fluorescent sensors for protein detection, cell imaging and cytometry applications, and staining of certain cell line.

There is provided a method of making a nano-composite having individual nano-sized silica particles dispersed in a polymer matrix, the method comprises the step of curing a substantially homogeneous mixture of surface-functionalized nano-sized silica particles, a polymerizable resin and a curing agent, wherein said substantially homogeneous mixture is substantially free of alcoholic solvent to form the nano-composite.

A liquid sample containing multiple analytes is used to produce a layer on a SERS surface of an SERS substrate. Raman spectra are collected from the different locations. The Raman spectra for different locations have different ratios of signal components from the multiple respective analytes, for example because the analytes are present in different proportions at the different locations, or because the analytes interact with the SERS surface in different ways at the different locations. A self-modeling curve resolution technique such as BTEM is used to extract from the collected Raman spectra multiple pure component spectra, corresponding to the respective analyte components. The pure component spectra can be used to identify the analytes. One way of producing the inhomogenous layer is by evaporating the liquid sample. Another is by arranging for the surface of the SERS substrate to be inhomogeneous, so that an inhomogenous layer of adsorbed analytes is formed and/or such that the SERS effect itself is inhomogenous.